The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or signed communication between users of different languages) under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.Ī translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or syntax into the target-language rendering. Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Third and fourth squares show the finished translation being brought to, and then presented to, the King. First square shows his ordering the translation second square, the translation being made.
King Charles V the Wise commissions a translation of Aristotle.
